Gary B. Smejkal1,3, George O. Poinar Jr.2, Feixia Chu3 and Pier Giorgio Righetti4 1 Harvard Catalyst, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies, Boston, MA, USA. 2 Oregon State University, Department of Zoology, Corvallis, OR, USA. 3 University of New Hampshire, Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Durham, NH, USA. 4 Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, Milan, Italy.